![]() ![]() Protocols in the Internet layer describe how data is sent and received over the Internet. Unlike other layers, link layer protocols are dependent on the hardware being used. Protocols in the link layer describe how data interacts with the transmission medium, such as electronic signals sent over specific hardware. It deals with sending information between hosts on the same local network, and translating data from the higher layers to the physical layer. The link layer is the most basic, or lowest-level, classification of communication protocol. Let’s look at each of these communications layers and see how TCP and IP stack up in this model of the Internet layer cake. The layers described by RFC-1122 and RFC-1123 each encapsulate protocols that satisfy the layer’s functionality. ![]() Half of a whole, the standard: …covers the communications protocol layers: link layer, IP layer, and transport layer its companion RFC-1123 covers the application and support protocols. They created the RFC-1122 publication, discussing the Internet’s communications layers. Some of the people in question are part of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In this sense, layers are concepts, not things. TCP/IP is just one network model among others. It can be easier to talk about computer networking if its many functions are split up into groups, so certain people came up with descriptions of layers, which we call network models. Similar to cake ingredients, layers in the context of computer networking are mostly composed of protocols, algorithms, and configurations, with some data sprinkled in. The rainbow layers are only there because the baker thought they ought to be. When you think about it, it’s all cake from top to bottom. Often, the only difference between layers is the food-coloring and a bit of frosting. There isn’t much to distinguish one layer of a rainbow sponge cake from another. This goodness is in itself comprised of something along the lines of eggs, butter, flour, and sweetener. If you consider the general nature of a rainbow layer sponge cake, it’s mostly made up of soft, melt-in-your mouth vanilla-y goodness. Here’s why the Internet Protocol Suite, or TCP/IP, is an imaginary rainbow layer cake. Lumped together as TCP/IP, these protocols describe how data on the Internet is packaged, addressed, sent, and received. It’s often called by its foundational protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). Collectively, the suite refers to the communication protocols that enable our endless scrolling. The Internet Protocol Suite is described in terms of layers and protocols. In short, both layers and protocols can be explained to a five-year-old as “ideas that people agreed sounded good, and then they wrote them down so that other people could do things with the same ideas.” ![]() The word “protocol,” means “the way we’ve agreed to do things around here,” more or less. Layers are conceptual divides that group similar functions together. To make the Internet possible, two things that needed imagining were layers and protocols. If no one had imagined the underlying technology that most now take for granted every day, there would be no cat memes. ![]() This skill was instrumental to the creation of the Internet. A significant part of the process of creating something is the ability to imagine things that do not yet exist. ![]()
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